Book References

Below are the references in our book, they are listed by chapter, you just need to click on each one and it will take you to the necessary document.

Chapter 1

  1. Livingston, G. et al. (2017) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care’, Lancet, 390(10113), pp. 2673–2734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6. - Click Here
  2. Livingston, G. et al. (2020) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 396(10248), pp. 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6. - Click Here
  3. Livingston, G. et al. (2024) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 404(10452), pp. 572–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0. - Click Here
  4. Harrison, J.E. et al. (2021) ‘ICD-11: an international classification of diseases for the twenty-first century’, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(Suppl 6), p. 206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01534-6. - Click Here
  5. Weintraub, S. et al. (2025) ‘The first 25 years of the Northwestern University SuperAging Program’, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 21(8), p. e70312. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70312. - Click Here
  6. Ismail, Z. et al. (2025) ‘Culturally sensitive clear guidelines on disclosing and communicating a diagnosis of dementia’, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 21(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70744. - Click Here
  7. Alzheimer’s Disease International et al. (2025) World Alzheimer Report 2025: Reimagining life with dementia – the power of rehabilitation. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International. - Click Here

Chapter 2

  1. Satizabal, C.L. et al. (2016) ‘Incidence of dementia over three decades in the Framingham Heart Study’, New England Journal of Medicine, 374(6), pp. 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1504327. - Click Here
  2. Livingston, G. et al. (2024) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 404(10452), pp. 572–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0. - Click Here​

Chapter 3

  1. Livingston, G. et al. (2017) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care’, Lancet, 390(10113), pp. 2673–2734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6. - Click Here
  2. Livingston, G. et al. (2020) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 396(10248), pp. 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6. - Click Here
  3. Simons, D.J. et al. (2016) ‘Do brain-training programs work?’, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17(3), pp. 103–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983.- Click Here
  4. Livingston, G. et al. (2024) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 404(10452), pp. 572–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0. - Click Here
  5. Woollett, K. and Maguire, E.A. (2011) ‘Acquiring “the Knowledge” of London’s layout drives structural brain changes’, Current Biology, 21(24), pp. 2109–2114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.018. - Click Here
  6. Dufouil, C. et al. (2014) ‘Older age at retirement is associated with decreased risk of dementia’, European Journal of Epidemiology, 29(5), pp. 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9906-3. - Click Here
  7. Douglas, E. and Bell, D. (2019) ‘The relationship between loneliness, social isolation and health service usage in an older population: an example of administrative data linkage using Healthy Ageing in Scotland (HAGIS) and NHS records’, International Journal of Population Data Science, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v4i3.1283. - Click Here
  8. Parisi, J.M. et al. (2019) ‘Impact of Experience Corps® participation on children’s academic achievement and school behavior’, Prevention Science, 20(4), pp. 478–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0972-8. - Click Here
  9. Liu, K. (2024) ‘Hearing intervention and cognitive decline: the ACHIEVE trial’, Lancet, 404(10447), pp. 29–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00712-8. - Click Here
  10. Rogers, M.A. and Langa, K.M. (2010) ‘Untreated poor vision: a contributing factor to late-life dementia’, American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(6), pp. 728–735. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp453. - Click Here
  11. Nash, S.D. et al. (2011) ‘The prevalence of hearing impairment and associated risk factors: the Beaver Dam Offspring Study’, Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 137(5), pp. 432–439. https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2011.15. - Click Here
  12. Nieman, C.L. et al. (2017) ‘The Baltimore HEARS pilot study: an affordable, accessible, community-delivered hearing care intervention’, Gerontologist, 57(6), pp. 1173–1186. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw153. - Click Here
  13. Ventry, I.M. and Weinstein, B.E. (1982) ‘The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly: a new tool’, Ear and Hearing, 3(3), pp. 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-198205000-00006.- Click Here

Chapter 4

  1. Livingston, G. et al. (2017) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care’, Lancet, 390(10113), pp. 2673–2734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6. - Click Here​
  2. Livingston, G. et al. (2020) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 396(10248), pp. 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6. - Click Here
  3. Bizzozero-Peroni, B. et al. (2025) ‘Plant-based diets and mental and neurocognitive health outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis’, Nutrition Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf080.- Click Here
  4. Booth, S. et al. (2024) Dietary patterns and risk of cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Alexandria, VA: USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review. - Click Here
  5. Chen, X. et al. (2019) ‘Dietary patterns and cognitive health in older adults: a systematic review’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 67(2), pp. 583–619. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180468. - Click Here
  6. Zhong, G. et al. (2015) ‘Smoking is associated with an increased risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies’, PLOS ONE, 10(3), p. e0118333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118333. - Click Here
  7. Barzilai, N.R. (2017) ‘Targeting aging with Metformin (TAME)’, Innovation in Aging, 1(Suppl 1), p. 743. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2682. - Click Here

Chapter 5

  1. Becker, E. et al. (2018) ‘Anxiety as a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(5), pp. 654–660. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.173. - Click Here
  2. Gulpers, B. et al. (2016) ‘Anxiety as a predictor for cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(10), pp. 823–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.015. /- Click Here
  3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) Preventing cognitive decline and dementia: a way forward. Edited by A. Downey, C. Stroud, S. Landis and A.I. Leshner. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24782. - Click Here
  4. Wild, C.J. et al. (2018) ‘Dissociable effects of self-reported daily sleep duration on high-level cognitive abilities’, Sleep, 41(12), p. zsy182. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy182. - Click Here
  5. Osorio, R.S. et al. (2015) ‘Sleep-disordered breathing advances cognitive decline in the elderly’, Neurology, 84(19), pp. 1964–1971. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001566. - Click Here
  6. Dunietz, G.L. et al. (2021) ‘Obstructive sleep apnea treatment and dementia risk in older adults’, Sleep, 44(9), p. zsab076. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab076. - Click Here
  7. Benjafield, A.V. et al. (2025) ‘Positive airway pressure therapy and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 13(5), pp. 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(25)00002-5. - Click Here
  8. Weuve, J. et al. (2004) ‘Physical activity, including walking, and cognitive function in older women’, JAMA, 292(12), pp. 1454–1461. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.12.1454. - Click Here
  9. Rosenberg, A. et al. (2018) ‘Multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits a large elderly population at risk for cognitive decline and dementia regardless of baseline characteristics: the FINGER trial’, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 14(3), pp. 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.006. - Click Here
  10. Beckett, M.W. et al. (2015) ‘Role of physical activity in prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis’, BMC Geriatrics, 15, p. 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0007-7. - Click Here
  11. Blondell, S.J. et al. (2014) ‘Does physical activity prevent cognitive decline and dementia?’, BMC Public Health, 14, p. 510. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-510. - Click Here
  12. Deckers, K. et al. (2015) ‘Target risk factors for dementia prevention: a systematic review and Delphi consensus study’, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(3), pp. 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4245. - Click Here
  13. Hamer, M. and Chida, Y. (2009) ‘Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review’, Psychological Medicine, 39(1), pp. 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708003681. - Click Here
  14. Santos-Lozano, A. et al. (2016) ‘Physical activity and Alzheimer disease: a protective association’, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(8), pp. 999–1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.024. - Click Here
  15. Xu, W. et al. (2017) ‘Leisure time physical activity and dementia risk: a dose-response meta-analysis’, BMJ Open, 7(10), p. e014706. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014706. - Click Here
  16. Lau, D.T. et al. (2010) ‘Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among community-dwelling elders with dementia’, Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 24(1), pp. 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0b013e31819d6ec9. - Click Here
  17. Anstey, K.J., Mack, H.A. and Cherbuin, N. (2009) ‘Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: meta-analysis of prospective studies’, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(7), pp. 542–555. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181a2fd07 - Click Here
  18. Buckley, J.S. and Salpeter, S.R. (2015) ‘Risk-benefit assessment of dementia medications: systematic review’, Drugs & Aging, 32(6), pp. 453–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-015-0266-9. - Click Here
  19. Leelakanok, N. and D’Cunha, R.R. (2019) ‘Association between polypharmacy and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Aging & Mental Health, 23(8), pp. 932–941. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1468411. - Click Here
  20. Miguel-Álvarez, M. et al. (2015) ‘Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease’, Drugs & Aging, 32(2), pp. 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-015-0239-z. - Click Here
  21. Wang, J. et al. (2015) ‘Anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: updated systematic review and meta-analysis’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 44(2), pp. 385–396. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-141506. - Click Here
  22. ​Anstey, K.J. et al. (2009) ‘Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline’, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(7), pp. 542–555. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181a2fd07. - Click Here
  23. Schwarzinger, M. et al. (2018) ‘Contribution of alcohol use disorders to the burden of dementia in France’, Lancet Public Health, 3(3), pp. e124–e132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30022-7. - Click Here
​

Chapter 6

  1. Murthy, V.H. (2025) My parting prescription for America. US Surgeon General’s Report, 7 January. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/821746675/My-Parting-Prescription-for-America-1 (Accessed: 22 February 2026). - Click Here
  2. Goodwin, M. (2024) ‘Why people in “Blue Zones” live longer than the rest of the world’, Healthline, 3 December. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/blue-zones (Accessed: 22 February 2026). - Click Here
  3. Livingston, G. et al. (2024) ‘Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet Standing Commission’, Lancet, 404(10452), pp. 572–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0. - Click Here
  4. Gruss, B. and Nourelden, D. (2025) ‘Sustaining growth in an aging world’, Finance and Development, June. International Monetary Fund. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2025/06/sustaining-growth-in-an-aging-world-bertrand-gruss (Accessed: 22 February 2026). - Click Here
  5. Rohr, S. et al. (2025) ‘Making time for brain health: recognising temporal inequity in dementia risk reduction’, The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 6(10), p. 100768. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(25)00178-4. - Click Here